科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit19.1.doc
标题 A Freedom Fighter
章节 第十九单元
关键词 高二英语第十九单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
四会单词和词组:march , demand , join in , over and over again , dream , side by side , citizen , forbid , put … in prison , set an example , peaceful , bill , murder , unfair , speech , make a speech , clerk , chairman , admit , feeling
三会单词和词组:housing , minister , separation , marriage , revolution , liberate , liberation , equally , explode , content ( n .) , tour , textbook , tennis , educate , achieve , bomb , childhood , give in , passport , minority
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Asking the time and dates ( 问时间和日期 )
Some useful expressions :
1 . What day is ( it ) today ?
2. What\'s the date today ?
3. Excuse me , what time is it by your watch ?
4 It\'s Monday/Tuesday… It\'s January 10th .
交际示范:
( 1 )
A : It\'s getting dark .
B : Yes . What time is it ( by your watch ) ? There\'s something wrong with my watch .
A : It\'s a quarter to five .
B : Perhaps your watch is slow .
A : Oh , it has stopped . I must have forgotten to wind it last night . ( 我一定是昨晚忘记上弦了。 )
B : Well , let\'s ask Hellen over there .
A : Good idea .
B : Hellen , have you got the time ?
A : Yes , it\'s half past six .
B : Is your watch right ? ( Does your watch keep good time ? )
C : Yes , it\'s half past six .
( 2 )
A : Hello , Wang Lin , I wonder if you\'d be free next week .
B : I think so .
A : That\'s wonderful . I\'ll be 20 years old next week . I\'d love you to come to my birthday party .
B : I\'d like to . What date is that ?
A : It\'s May , 4th .
B : What day is that ?
A : It\'s Tuesday .
B : Then what time will the party begin ?
A : At six sharp ( 六点整 ) in the evening . Will that be all right ?
B : Yes , it\'s very good . I\'ll looking forward to it . And I wish you the best of luck .
A : Thanks . Oh , It\'s ten minutes to two . There\'s little time left . I\'ll go to work . See you later .
B : See you later .
Ⅲ. 语法学习
使用情态动词要注意的问题
下面是同学们在使用情态动词时经常出现的问题,也是情态动词中的难点,而且又是近来高考的热点。
一、要注意一些同义、近义的情态动词的区别
1 . 表示可能性的 can\'t 与 may not 的区别。
can\'t 常常表示“不可能”、“一定不”,may not 表示“可能不、或许不”。很明显,can\'t 比 may not 语气强,把握性大。如:
The man standing over there _____ be Jack . He\'s gone to Hong Kong .
A . mustn\'t B . can\'t C . won\'t D . may not
说话者既然知道“He\'s gone to Hong Kong”,那么对“The man 不是 Jack”一定满有把握,故正确选项为 B。
2 . 表示“能够”意义的 can 与 be able to 的区别。
凡表示“经过努力、设法做成某事”时不用 can,须用 be able to。如:
The fire spread through the hotel very quickly , but everyone _____ get out . ( NMET97 )
A . had to B . would C . could D . was able to
句意为:大火弥漫整个旅馆,但人位学是设法逃了出来。故正确选项为D。
3 . 表示“不能”意义的 can\'t 与 mustn\'t 的区别。
can\'t 表示“不能”,是指无能力;mustn\'t 表示“不能”则指的是“禁止,不允许”。在口语里,can\'t 也可表示“禁止,不允许”,但语气不如 mustn\'t 强。如:
( 1 ) 他年纪小,不能上学。
【 正 】He is so young that he can\'t go to school .
( 2 ) 里边正在开会,不能吵闹。
【 正 】There\'s meeting inside
. You mustn\'t make any noise .
【 误 】There is a meeting inside . You can\'t make any noise .
二、要注意几个使用的特定范围
1 . 表示推测时,can 不能用在肯定句中 ( 但 could 能 ) ;may 和 might 不能用在疑问句中。如:
( 1 ) Peter _____ come with us tonight , but he isn\'t very sure yet . ( MET93 )
A . must B . may C . can D . will
句意为:Peter 有可能同我们一块儿来,但还不肯定。正确选项为 B。
( 2 ) _____ it be a sunny day tomorrow?
A . Can B . May C . Shall D . Should
句意为:明天可能是睛天吗?正确选项是 A。
2 . 作为情态动词,need 和 dare 不能用在肯定句中 ( 条件状语从句除外 ) 。肯定句中,须把它们用作实义动词,后接带 to 的不定式。如:
【 误 】We need hold a meeting to discuss the matter .
【 正 】We need to hold a meeting to discuss the matter .
【 正 】If you need hold a meeting to discuss the matter , I\'ll give you a help .
3 . 在回答由 could 和 might 引起的表示请示的一般疑问句时,不能用 could 和 might ( 应分别用 can 和 may ) 回答。如:
— Could I borrow your dictionary?
— Yes , of course you _____ . ( MET92 )
A . might B . will C . can D . could
正确选项为 C。
三、要注意一些“形意不一致”的现象
( 跟名词/动名词 ) 盼望,希望。
They looked forward to seeing him again .
The children are looking forward to the New Year .
7 . look in 作短语时间的访问/参观, ( 顺路 ) 到某处去一下。
I\'ll look in this evening to see how he is .
I\'ll look in at the shop on my way home .
8 . look into 调查,了解,研究。
We\'ll look into this matter together .
The police are looking into the records of the thieves .
9 . look on 旁观,在旁边看。
Two men are fighting We\'re looking on .
You work and we\'ll look on .
10 . look on … as … 把……看作……。
He looks on her as a child .
I don\'t look on him as a good doctor .
11 . look out 当心,注意,查出,找出。
If you don\'t on him as a good doctor .
11 . look out 当心,注意,查出,找出。
If you don\'t look out you\'ll hurt yourself .
Look out ! There\'s a car coming .
I\'ll look our a few foreign stamps for you .
12 . look out for 当心,提防;留心找 ( 某物/某人 ) 。
Look out for snakes .
I\'m looking out for the mistakes .
13 . look over 翻阅,复习,查看,检查,看一看。
She looking over her notes before the exam .
I\'m going to look over a house that I\'m thinking of buying .
14 . look round 回头看,审视,到处看看。
Don\'t look round now but there\'s a police car following us .
We went to look round the town .
15 . look through 翻阅 ( 查看 ) ,读 ( 看 ) 一遍。
The teacher looked through the student\'s work .
He looked through the book and decided that he wouldn\'t like it .
16 . look up 查出,了解。
Look up the word in the dictionary .
I must look up the time of your train .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元重点词汇点拨
1. demand要求;需要
The workers demanded more money .
〖点拨〗(1) demand to do sth要求干…… 。不用demand sb to do 。但是,可以说:require / order / ask sb to do
(2) demand that + (should) 。
(3) sth + be required to do (不能用demanded )
(4) sth require / want / need + doing = sth require / want / need + ing
(5) make a demand for要求…… 。 in great demand大量需求。
They demanded that the equal rights (should) be given to everyone .
有一定的规律性。
它可修饰符合自然规律的事物,也可修饰符合社会风俗或个人习惯的事物,侧重于一贯如此,遵循常规,并非新奇等含义。如:
Thunder is the usual sign of an approaching storm .
The following Thursday she went out at her usual time .
common 含有“平常,普通,常见,不足为奇”等意思,侧重于缺少显著或异常的特征,特别说明某物因司空见惯而普通。如:
Colds are common in winter .
A dog is one of the commonest pets .
This flower is common in spring .
ordinary 意为“正常的,通常的,平常的,普通的”,指由于与常规、习惯、一般标准或品质相同而普通,无特别惊人的性质。如:
He is an ordinary - looking man .
It was an early morning in summer . In the streets , sleepy - eyed people were moving quickly , heading towards their jobs . This was the beginning of another ordinary day in New York City . 一大早睡眼惺惺的人们匆匆赶路,前去上班,没有任何异常的迹象,这又是纽约城一个平常的日子的开始。
6. while
while 可以用作连词,也可以用作名词。
1) while 作为从属连词,意为 “ 当……时候 ” 时,相当于 when 引导一个时间状语从句。从句中的谓语动词通常是持续性动词。例如:
He can still breathe while his head is under water .
While ( we were ) walking along the river , we saw fish swimming about
in the water .
2) while 作为等立连词,连接两个并列分句时,这两个分句在意义上形成鲜明的正
反对比。这时 while 的意义近似于 but 。例如:
Jim is lazy while his sister is diligent .
We were busy here and there , while he had nothing to do .
Some products sell well , while others don\'t . 有些产品很畅销,而其它产品却卖不出去。
3) while 作为从属连词,引导让步状语从句,这时 while 的意义相当于 though 。
例如:
While (=Though ) she respected the manager , she didn\'t like him .
While the operation on him was successful , he couldn\'t get back to the former state of health . 4) while 作为名词,可以表示 ( 一段 ) 时间。例如:
Please wait a while . ( a while = a moment; a minute ) 请等一会。
The test will be carried out in a little while . ( a little while = a short time )
I haven\'t seen you for a long while . ( for a long while = for a long time )
单元词组思维运用
1. on the march在行军中,在进行,在游行
What happened on the march then ?
A new market economy is on the march .
2. be treated as = be regarded as , be considered as
3. join in参加(比赛,活动等)
Will you join us in a walk ?
She joined me in thanking you for your gift .
4. and then然后,接着
He went to Shanghai , and then HangZhou .
5. over and over again = over and over , again and again一再,反复
I’ve warned you , over and over again , not to do that .
6. put … in prison把 …… 投入监狱
The man was put in prison for stealing a car .
注意:在该短语的prison前无冠词。试比较:
He had been in prison for 20 years .
There is a prison in the city and there are about three thousands prisoners in the prison .
7. be in bad condition条件很差,情况不好
His health is in bad condition .
8. have (much) success取得(许多)成就
They have had great / much success in their research .
9. set / give an example to sb给某人树立榜样
Lei Feng set a good example to all of us .
set an example in doing在……树立榜样
10. have no rights to do没有权利干某事
You have no right to read my letter .
11. at this time此刻,此时,就在这时。this time这一次。
12. on the east coast of在……的东海岸
A beautiful city lies on the coast of the sea .
13. force sb to do强迫某人干……
14. from then on = from that time on从那时起。from now on = from today on从今以后
某物;分发;使传阅
Please send the invitations round .
18. give in屈服、让步、投降、交上
She refused to give in before the enemy .
19. for some time有一段时间。暂时,一会儿
20. separate … from把……和……分开
For us , love of our country cannot separated from love of our hometown .
21. set … free = give …freedom释放
22. make a speech演讲;讲话
23. judge… by / from …根据……判断
Judged by his words , he got angry .
24. far from远离,远非
He is far from well . 他一点也不健康。
25. side by side with = close together with并肩地;紧挨地
26. by now = by this time到这时,到现在,迄今
He has worked there a long time by now .
27. stop … from + ing = prevent sb from +ing阻止干……
28. huge numbers of = numbers of为数不少的,很多的
Huge numbers of people came from all over the country .
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1. The money spent on educating a black child was just one fourth of that spent on each white child . 用于每个黑人儿童的教育经费,只有每个白人儿童的四分之一。
〖明晰〗(1)spent on educating a black child和spent on each white child都是过去分词短语作定语,相当于两个定语从句,分别修饰先行词money和that 。
(2) 句中的that是代词,代替前面提到的the money 。代词that可用来代替前面提到的事物(单数名词或者不可数名词),以避免重复这个名词,但必须是这一名词在第二次出现时有后置定语。如:
Their cotton output (产量) of 1999 was double that of 1998 .
The sweater he wears today is different from that he wore yesterday .
The study of idiom is as important as that of grammar .
(3) 如果前面提到的是复数名词,后面就用those来代替。如:
The recorders we made this year are better than those we made last year .
(4) 替代词that和one都可以代替前面出现过的名词,但that用于特指,相当于“the + 名词”。one用于泛指,相当于“a / an + 名词”。one的复数形式是ones 。that只能代替事物,不能代替人。one可以代替人或者事物。that不能有前置修饰语,但可有后置修饰语;one一般可有前置修饰语,也可以有后置修饰语。请同学们仔细观察下列各句:
Mary’s handwriting is far better than that of Peter .
The book is more difficult than those we have before .
I’m looking for a house . I’d really like one with a garden .
The blue car looks nicer than the red one .
2. I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the colour of their skin but by the content of their character .
【妙文赏析】
I HAVE A DREAM我有一个梦想
──Martin Luther Jr. 马丁•路德•金
…
I have a dream that one day on the red hills of Georgia, sons of former slaves and the sons of former slave-owners, will be able to sit down together at the table of brotherhood. I have a dream that one day even the state of Mississippi, a state sweltering with the heat of injustice, sweltering with the heat of oppression, will be transformed into an oasis of freedom and justice.
我想有一天,在佐治亚的红山上,昔日奴隶的儿子将能够和昔日奴隶主的儿子坐在一起,共叙兄弟情谊。我梦想有一天,甚至连密西西比州这个缺乏正义、压迫成风的地方,也将变成自由和正义的绿洲。
I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character, I have a dream today.
我梦想有一天,我的四个孩子将在一个不是以他们的肤色,而是以他们的品格优劣来评价他们的国度里生活。我今天有一个梦想。
I have a dream that one day down in Alabama, with its vicious racists , with its governor having his lips dripping with the words of interposition and nullification, one day right down in Alabama our little black boys and black girls will be able to join hands with little white boys and white girls as sisters and brothers. I have a dream today.
我梦想有一天,恶性种施歧视行为泛滥的阿拉巴马州能够有所转变,尽管该州州长现在仍然满口异议,反对联邦法令,但有朝一日
,那里的黑人男孩和女孩将能与白人男孩和女孩情同骨肉,携手并进。今天我有一个梦想。
I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, every hill and mountain shall be made low; the rough places will be made plain; and the crooked places will be made straight; and the glory of the lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together. This is our hope. This is the faith that I go back to the South with. With this faith we will be able to hew out of the mountain of despair a stone of hope . With this faith we will be able to transform the jangling discords of our nation into a beautiful symphony of brotherhood. With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
use _______ windows face south is our reading - room .
A . of which B . whose C . which D . its
此题正确答案是B,不能选择A。选择 of which 时应在名词前加上定冠词 the,也就是说如果名词前有 the 就只能用 of which。如果名词前没有冠词,就用 whose。如上句题干改为:The house _______ the windows face south is our reading-room . 此题就只能选择答案A而不能选择B了。
2 . whose 即可以指人,又可以指物,而 of which 只能用来指物。如:
The boss in whose department looked down upon women .
The house whose roof was damaged now has been repaired .
上面第一句不可用 of which 来改写,第二句可以。可写成:The house of which the roof was damaged has now has been repaired .
3 . of which 除了可以表示所属关系外,还可以用来表示整体的关系,而 whose 则不能。
He borrowed a book of which the author was a peasant .
In Barcelona the Chinese team got 16 gold medals , of which 12 were won by women .
第一句中的 of which 就可以用 whose 来代替。因为这个句子中 of 是用来表示所属关系。可改写成:He borrowed a book whose author was a peasant。而第二句中的 of which 就不要用 whose 来替。因为这个句子中的 of 不是表示所属关系,而是表示整体与部分的关系。
4 . 引导非限制性定语从句多用 whose,而很少用表示所属关系的介词 of 加上关系代词 which。如:
There is a mysterious lake at the foot the hill , whose depth has never been
measured . 山脚下有个神秘的湖,其深度从未测量过。
如介词 of 不表示所属关系,而是用来表示整体与部分的关系。此时就经常引导非限制性定语从句了。如;
There are 102 elements found in nature , of which most are metals .
The stories about the Long march , of which this is one example , are well written .
特殊的连系动词
be 是最常见的连系动词。除 be 之外,还有一些动词,从表面上看像是地地道道的实义动词,而实际上却具有系动词的某些特征。这些动词后面也可以跟形容词或名词等作表语。 请比较下面两例:
t in the corner .
He stood 4 feet 9 inches . 他身高4英尺9英寸。
I still stand your friend .
The shop stays open till eight o\'clock .
3. 表示 “ 自己感觉或令人感觉 ” 意义的系动词:appear , feel , look . seem , smell , sound , taste。例如:
He didn\'t want to appear a fool .
This appears an exception to the rule mentioned above .
Silk feels smooth .
He feels uneasy .
He looks quiet strong .
He seems quite happy .
The dish tastes delicious .
The explanation sounds all right .
The meat tastes good .
【动脑动手】
单元能力立体检测
请同学们仔细观察下面每个句子,然后删除多余的词 (上)
1 . When they came to a forest , they suddenly heard of someone calling for help .
2 . A cat can quickly get itself out of the trouble .
3 . My daughter is only four years old . She can\'t dress for herself .
4 . I didn\'t know the teacher was in here , otherwise I would have come earlier .
5 . Everyone shared in making the picnic be a success .
6 . You may talk to Dr Jack , who is in the charge of that operation .
7 .—We visited at the History Museum yesterday .
—How long did you stay there ?
8 . What films are they showing on in the cinema this week ?
9 . I hope you won\'t forget that I have told you to buy ?
10 . Such a clever child as he can work out this maths problem .
11 . He said there would be a football match on next Sunday .
12 . He is so simple he will believe in anything you tell him .
13 . After he explaining us the difficult words in this lesson , the teacher asked us to read the text .
14 . By the last year , our hometown had been liberated for about 30 years .
15 . The girl was made to sing the song , but she made her sister to sing it for her .
16 . We listened , but no sound reached to us .
17 . They didn\'t set him free not until he was old and sick .
18 . Another a new school is now being built in mp city .
19 . Her pride , however , would not let her to do that .
20 . Man\'s knowledge of space has been developed rapidly .
21 . The old man looked at healthy , but he felt sick .
22 . What a freezing weather it is !
23 . John had been saving money for years and at the last he was able to buy a car of his own .
24 .—Could you tell me the way to the post office ?
—Sorry , I\'m a stranger for myself .
—Thank you , all the same .
25 . Go and get your coat . It\'s there where you left it .
答案与解析:1 . heard 后面去掉 of , 表示直接“听到” 2 . out of the trouble 中去掉 the 3 . dress 后去掉 for , 直接加宾语 4 . in here 去掉 in 5 . 去掉 be 6 . in the charge of 去掉 the 7 . visited 为及物动词,去掉 at 8 . 去掉 showing 后面的 on 9 . 去掉 what 前面的 that 10 . he is can 中的 is 多余 11 . next Sunday 前面不必加 on 12 . believe“相信某人的话”,去掉 in 13 . he 在 explaining 前多余 14 . By the last year 去掉 the 15 . 在 made her sister to sing 中去掉 to 16 . reached 为及物动词,去掉 to 17 . 去掉 until 前面的 not 18 . 去掉 Another 后面的 a 19 . let her to do 中的 to 多余 20 . 去掉 been , has developed 不用被动 21 . look healthy 为系表结构,去掉 at 22 . weather 为不可数名词,去掉 a 23 . at the last 中的 the 多余 24 . 去掉 myself 前面的 for 25 . 去掉 there , where 引导表语从句
换:
1. Twelve nurses make up this medical team .
This medical team are twelve nurses .
2. If our city is seen from the top of the mountain , it looks more beautiful .
from the top of the mountain , our city looks more beautiful .
3. He is likely to do it very well .
likely he will do it very well .
4. I continued to shout at her .
I at her .
5. He promised to come but hasn’t arrived yet .
He promised to come but hasn’t yet .
6. I have decided to do it .
I have to do it .
7. It happened that I had no money with me .
happened no money with me .
8. He likes to be alone .
He likes to be .
9. More and more people didn’t have their jobs .
More and more people were .
10. Go and see what those girls are busy with .
Go and see what those girls are .
11. He didn’t know what to do next .
He what to do next .
12. He decided to buy a new dictionary with the money he saved .
He buy a new dictionary with the money he saved .
13. I couldn’t persuade him to accept my gift .
I couldn’t persuade him my gift .
14. We went to the park not by bus ; we went there on foot .
We went to the park on foot by bus .
(请同学们写好后把答案反馈给我们)
【创新园地】答案:1. made up of 2. Seen 3. It , that 4. went on shouting 5. turned up 6. made up my mind 7. I , to have 8. on his own 9. out of work 10. up to 11. had no idea 12. was determined to 13. into accepting 14. instead of (或者用:rather than)