科目 英语
年级 高二
文件 high2 unit14.1.doc
标题 Satellites(卫星)
章节 第十四 单元
关键词 高二英语第十四单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
单元双基学习目标
Ⅰ. 词汇学习
四会单词和词组:broad , circle , in space , pull ( n .) , carry out , question (vt .)
三会单词和词组:so / as far as , personally , exhibition , camera , fold , unfold , connect , object , direction , position , organization , dozen , dozens of , dust , dusty , height , pilot , balloon , mention , model , length , attempt , globe
Ⅱ. 交际英语
Getting Or Expressing Opinions (征求或者表达意见)
1. What do you feel like doing ? I feel like …
2. Personally , I’d rather (not) + 原形动词 / I’m ready to do 很乐意干……
3. What would you like to do ? I’d like to …
4. — What do you plan to do ?
— I’m planning to do… / I want ( intend , wish , plan ) to do …
5. — Have you decided to do …?
— I’ve not decided what / where to do …
6. What do you think of … ? / What is your opinion of … ? / How do you like … ?
7. Tell us what you think about … / We’d like to have your views about …
8. Any suggestions you have will be most welcome .
9. It’s quite likely that …
10. It doesn’t seem possible that …
Ⅲ. 语法学习
复习定语从句的用法。特别注意 that 和 which 的区别。哪些情况下常用 which ,哪些情况下常用 that 。
【指点迷津】
单元重点词汇点拨
1. personally 就自己而言;个人;本人
Personally I don’t care to make some changes in my plans .
〖点拨〗personally 相当于 in one’s opinion 。
2. exhibition 展览;展览会
A great number of new machines are on show at the exhibition held last week .
〖点拨〗注意 exhibition 的发音。hold / have / give an exhibition of …举办……展览会。
3. broad 宽的;宽大的
This piece of cloth is 5 metres broad .
〖点拨〗指肩、额头、胸脯、幅面、背的宽常用 broad 。指口、眼、路等的宽常用 wide 。如:He has a broad mind . 他有宽阔的胸怀。He lay there , with his eyes wide open .
另外注意拼写broad 时不要写成 abroad (在国外) , aboard (上船) ,board (木版)。
4. object 物;物体
We saw a bright object moving in the sky .
〖点拨〗object 作动词是“反对”,常用词组:object to doing 反对干……。如:He objects to being sent to the village .
5. direction 方向;方位
East , west , south , and north are directions .
〖点拨〗in the direction of 朝……方向运动。in all directions = in every direction 各个方面;朝四面八方。under the direction of 在……的指导下。如:Miss Gao walked in the direction of the library .
另外,direction 作“指示,用法,说明”时常用复数形式。如:directions for use 用法说明,Full directions inside . 内附详细说明。
6. dozen 打;十二个
Pencils here are sold by the dozen . 这里的铅笔论打出售。
〖点拨〗dozens of 几十。当 dozen 的前面有数词时,dozen 最好用单数。如:I want two dozen eggs .
7. height 高;高度
The Party calls on us to climb the heights of science and technology . 党号召我们攀登科学技术高峰。
〖点拨〗in height 从高度上看。What’s the height of …? ……的高度是多少 ?如:The building is 40 metres in height . = The building is 40 metres high .= That’s a 40-meter-high building .
8. mention 提到;说起
Did you mention this to your parents ?
〖点拨〗As mentioned above .如上所述。Don’t mention it . (答复别人道谢时的用语) 不必客气。Not to mention = without mentioning 更不必说。
9. length 长;长度;一段
What’s the length of the Yellow River ?
〖点拨〗注意 length 的发音。in length 从长度上看。如:The road is 5,000 metres in length . a length of pipe 一节管子。It was said that this kind of medicine could increase the length of life .
10.
attempt 试图;尝试
They attempted to raise money for a new building .
〖点拨〗attempt 不强调成功性,而try 暗示可能有成功性。attempt to do = try to do = do one’s best to do 尽力干…… 。make an attempt to do = make an attempt at doing 试图干……。
单元词组思维运用
1. get in 进去,进来;收进来;收庄稼
Please hold the car door open for the old lady while she gets in .
The farmers are busy in getting (in) the crops .
2. have got sth in 有某种活动;有……在进行
They have got a special exhibition on this month . 这个月他们要举办一个特别展览。
Have you anything important on this evening ?
I’ve got nothing on tonight , shall we go to a cinema .
I’ve a meeting on tomorrow afternoon .
注意:on 为副词,该词组等于 have sth on , 还表示“穿着”的意思,但不用进行时,如:She had on her best red dress . 她穿着那件最漂亮的红色连衣裙。
3. do a study of = make a study of 研究
She has done a study of the danger of smoking .
I’m planning to do a special study of satellites next term .
4. send back (to) 发送(到),发回(到);退货
What can satellites send back to the earth ?
>注意:put into 相当于 send up into ,课文中作者把space看成一个大容器,用put into 更显得生动传神。另外,put into 还表示“把……译成;投入”。
17. with the help of sb = with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
18. tell the difference between A and B = tell A from B 说出A 和B的区别
She can’t tell the difference between right and wrong .
19. be diseased 有病了,害了病的
These trees are diseased . You must cut away the diseased branches as soon as possible .
20. look into 调查;研究;往里面看
The government will look into the living conditions of the teachers .
I looked into the room but no one was there .
21. get a clear picture (of) 获得(……)的清晰图象
With the help of space satellites we can get a clear picture of space .
In the film you can get a beautiful picture of my hometown .
22. collect information about 收集关于……的信息
People are using satellites more and more to collect information about space .
23. carry out 开展;贯彻;执行
The “Reemployment Project”has been carried out in China since 1995 .
They still have some difficulty carrying out the experiment .
24. make a call to sb 给某人打电话
I made a long-distance telephone call to my mother once a week .
注意:打电话还可以用 phone sb , call sb up , ring sb up , give sb a call , give sb a ring 等。
25. be connected with把……和……连接起来;和……有联系
The wires with which the machines were connected were very old .
He has been connected with our company for years .
26. circle around = circle round = circle about环行;围绕……旋转
The earth circles around the sun .
The town around which we had to circle in our plane looked very beautiful .
27. on show 展出;陈列出来
The museum has an exhibition with rocks from the moon on show .
The cameras on show here are made in Japan .
28. put away 储存;放好;收起来
We don’t use these plates now . Please put them away .
It’s better to put away some money every month .
二、学海导航
【学法指要】
单元难点疑点思路明晰
1. So far as I know , it’s free . 就我所知,那是免费的
〖明晰〗so far as = as far as 引导比较状语从句,在句中作插入语,常用逗号与主句隔开。
So far as I know , not all of them passed the quiz .
2.The + 比较级 ,the + 比较级
First , it must be very light , the lighter the better . 首先,它必须很轻,越轻越好。
〖明晰〗the lighter the better 省略了不少的成分,补充完整是:the lighter it is , the better it will be . 这种句型表示前者与后者在程度上同样增加或者同样减少,汉语是“越……,越……”,前面是从句,后面是主句。又如:
be forgotten .
5. 介词 + 关系代词型定语从句
There is a rocket motor on the satellite by which the direction of the satellite can be changed if necessary . 卫星上有一个火箭马达,必要时可以用它来改变卫星的方向。
〖明晰〗定语从句的先行词是 a rocket motor , by which 引导一个定语从句。定语从句中介词的选择受上下文的制约,或者与前面的先行词有搭配关系,或者与后面的动词有搭配关系。这里的 by 表“通过、用”。又如:
There are many research stations on the earth in which outer space is studied . (in 与 先行词 research stations 的搭配)
Who is the comrade with whom you just shook hands ?(with 与动词词组shake hands 的搭配)
另外,在定语从句中还有一个省略式的状语的 if necessary ,if 后省略了 it is 。又如:Put in an article where necessary . 在有必要的地方填上一个冠词。
【妙文赏析】
How easy it all was for police and emergency (紧急) service . A siren (警报器) , a flashing light and like magic everyone was out of the way .
Going home from work one night he passed a garage . There in front of him was the answer to his problem . An old ambulance (救护车)was for sale .
The red cross had been removed . But not the flashing light or the siren . He bought it and opened up for himself a dream-world of driving .
It began early in the morning , all his things in the back of the ambulance and the highway in Germany looking reasonably clear . Soon , as always , a long line of traffic was ahead . He turned on the flashing light and set off the siren . Cars quickly slowed and pulled off the fast lane (车道). Other cars stopped and drivers waved him ahead to an open road all his own . In record time he crossed the border into Austria . But then the Yugoslav made his big mistake . Until then he had only stopped for oil . Now he was driving past a real accident — lights flashing too late to realize that it was not another traffic jam (阻塞) as he had expected . Police on the scene had never seen an ambulance do that before . They stopped him . And after hearing the story of his ride across two countries they fined him $18.50 .
1. What was the Yugoslav’s problem ?
A. He met other foreign drivers. B. He couldn’t find an ambulance.
C. He admired police and emergency service. D. He got caught in terrible traffic jam.
2. He decided to buy the ambulance because ________.
A. he knew other traffic always moved over for it
B. he had always wanted one
C. he hoped to resell it and make money
D. he liked the siren and the flashing light
3. Other cars on the highway slowed down or pulled off the fast lane ________.
A. when they waved to them
B. when they heard the siren or saw the flashing light
C. when the police told them to let the ambulance pass
D. when they saw the red cross on the ambulance
4. When the police stopped him ________.
A. they told him he had been followed all the way
B. he had been driving dangerously
C. they found he had $18.50 in his pocket
D. he had just driven straight past an accident
答案与赏析:1 — 4 DABD 。本篇属于故事类,叙述一个南斯拉夫人买了一辆救护车从德国路径奥地利回国途中的一段奇遇。1. 由于塞车经常被堵在路上才有买救护车的想法,照应了第二段中“There in front of him was the answer to his problem .”2. 顺理成章,买救护车的目的就是为了避免塞车,因为其它车辆都要为救护车让道。3. 警报器、闪亮警灯都是救护车的标志,听到或者看到都会自觉让道。4. 南斯拉夫人以为又是塞车,拉响警报器闯关,但这儿是交通事故,理应停车救护,故警察拦下救护车。
【思维体操】
It was my uncle who taught me how to box. When I was eight , I was (1) into the depths(内地) of(2)to the (3) where my mother had been born. I became (4)of attack for
the village boys. When he (5)home from work, my uncle would get to his knees and (6)to hit him on the nose. I have been (7)to him ever since.
替代。如:
I still remember the day on which ( = when ) I met Professor Smith .
This is the house in which ( = where ) I once lived .
I don\'t know the reason for which ( = why ) he went abroad .
但下面一句中的“ to which ”不能换成“ where ”,因为,它不是作地点状语的。
This is the house to which we paid a visit last month .
2. 介词的选择。
定语从句由“介词 + 关系代词”引导时,介词的选择受上下文的制约。在结合语意的基础上,可以从下面几个角度判断该用什么介词。
★ 看先行词与哪一个介词是习惯“介 + 名 ” 搭配的。如:
This is the factory in which he works . ( in the factory 在工厂)
This is the farm on which he works .( on the farm 在农场)
★ 看定语从句中的动词是与哪一个介词形成习惯“动 + 介 ”搭配。如:
The car on which he spent 40,000 yuan is made in N anjing . (spend money on sth .)
The car for which he paid 40,000 yuan is made in Nanjing . (pay money for sth .)
★ 既要看定语从句中的动词,又要看先行词有何习惯“动 + 介 + 名”搭配。如:
I don\'t know the student with whom Mary quarreled yesterday . (quarrel with sb .)
I don\'t know the thing about which they quarreled yesterday . (quarrel about sth . )
3. “介词 + 关系代词”的复杂化
★ 复合介词 + 关系代词
关系代词之前除了能用简单介词外,也能用复合介词。如:
Tom studies in a new school , at the back of which there is a big river .
She gave a friendly smile to the worker , in front of whom sat a little cat .
★ 名词(〈不定〉代词、数词、形容词最高级)+ of + 关系代词
a D. a so heavy
4. After having gone far , George did not want to turn back .
A. enough B. much C. such D. that
5. Which is book , the mew one or the old one ?
A. better B. the better C. best D. the best
6. The old gentleman has , been to the Great wall before , has he ?
A. always B. already C. ever D. not
7. They have produced they did last year .
A. twice more grain as B. twice as much grain as
C. twice as many grain as D. as twice many grain as
8. It’s said that the film is seeing .
A. very worth B. quite worthy of C. well worth D. rather worthy of
9. Miss Zhang wears the skirt as you but from Miss Xiao’s .
A. similar , differently B. same , different C. different , same D. same , differently
10. There are books in our library than in your library .
A. many more B. more many C. much more D. more much
11. The lecture was so_____ that all the people in the hall were .
A. moving , exciting B. moving , exited C. exited , moving D. moved , exciting
12. Smoking is so bad for his health that he doesn’t smoke .
A. no longer B. no more C. any longer D. any more
13.The teacher wondered why many students had made careless mistakes .
A. so , so B. so , such C. such , so D. such , such
14. It is that his English is perfect .
A. sure, very B. right, rather C. exact, fairly D. certain, quite
15. In fact we find it to master a foreign language in three weeks .
A. easily B. difficulty C. impossible D. necessary
16. There is to hold the water .
A. nothing big enough B. nothing enough big
C. big enough nothing D. enough big nothing
17.Qingdao is beautiful city in summer .
A. most B. a most C. the most D. much
18.The world cup in France was the biggest football match in the world.
A. alive B. live C. lively D. living
19. How did it take time in building the house with workers ?
A. less, fewer B. fewer, less C. the fewest, the least D. a little, a bit of
20. Mr Wang has never seen place as Disneyland .
A. more beautiful a B. a more beautiful C. so beautiful a D. such beautiful a
21. My sister who works in the bank is two years than I .
A. younger, older B. older, elder C. elder, elder D. elder, older
22. China is a large country which is getting .
B. It is the most dangerous
C. The more it is dangerous D. The more dangerous it is
26. China has a population than in Africa .
A. more ; any other country B. more ; any country
C. larger ; any country D. larger ; all the other country
27. —How did you find your visit to the museum?
—I thoroughly enjoyed it, It was interesting than I had expected .
A. far more B. even much C. so more D. a lot much
28. This is a most beautiful park ,I have never seen one before .
A. the best B. the better C. a best D. a better
29. it is to have a picnic by the sea !
A. What a great pleasure B. What great pleasure
C. How a great pleasure D. How great pleasure
30. The girl wasn’t at English , but now she does in it .
A. good,good B. well,better C. better ,well D. good , better
31. He’d like to sleep with the window at night .
A. open wide B. open widely C. wide open D. opened wide
32. He often keeps newspapers .
A. every day , tidily B. daily , orderly C. everyday , tidily D. the day , tidy
33. We must leave now, we’ll be late for work .
A. so B. otherwise C. then D. and
34. Her pronunciation is a lot better than comrade in the class .
A. any B. any other C. all the other D. that of any other
35. The guide told us that he would organize some businessmen abroad next week .
A. some time B. sometime C. some times D. sometimes
36.What a wonder! They’ve finished 30% of the task within one week .
A. no more than B. no lass than C. not more than D. much less than
37. I’ve got work to do on a ______cold day .
A. much too , much too B. too much , too much
C. too much , much too D. much too , too much
38.— How did you find your visit to the museum?
— I thoroughly enjoyed it . It was than I expected .
A. far more interesting B. even much interesting
C. so more interesting D. a lot much interesting
39. It is wrong to your father like that .
A. for you talking B. for you to talk C. of you talking D. of you to talk
40. The best time to go to Australia is autumn .
A. later B. latest C. late D. last
41. This is bridge ever built in China .
A. longest B. the longer C. the longest D. a longer
42. He knows little of maths , and of chemistry .
A. ever more B. still less C. no less D. still more
43. Both the women hardly knew their headmaster .
A. too B. neither C. either D. also
44. On the bank of the river stands a castle .
A. old big British B. British big old C. big British old D. big old British.
45. It was cold yesterday ,but it’s today .
A. more colder B. even colder C. more cold D. even
46.The United States, Britain, New Zealand and so on are countries .
A. speak
ing-English B. English–speaking C. spoken–English D. English–spoken
47. Which do you like ,English、Chinese or French ?
A. better B. well C. best D. worse
48. — Is the bus stop far from here ?
— It’s a quarter’s walk , .
A. more and more B. and so on C. all together D. more or less
49. It takes hours to go by train from Beijing to Nanjing than to Tianjin .
A. much more B. many more C. a few D. Both B and C
50. Anyone who has spent time with children knows the difference in the way boys and girls respond to situation.
A. similar B. alike C. same D. likely
答案:1 — 5 BABDB 6 — 10 BBCBA 11 — 15 BCBDC 16 — 20 ABBAC 21 — 25 DADBD 26 — 30 CADAD 31 — 35 CBBBB 36 — 40 BCADC 41 — 45 CBCDB 46 — 50 BCDBA
【创新园地】
There was ice on the road and the doctor car 1 . ____
hit a tree and turned over three times . In his 2 . ____
surprise , he was not hurt . He got out the car and 3 . ____
walked to the nearest house . He wanted telephone 4 . ____
c the earth .
二、单项选择
1. Oh . Tom you give us !
A. How a pleasant surprise B. How pleasant surprise
C. What a pleasant surprise D. What pleasant surprise
2. are against that decision.
A. The publics B. The public C. The riches D. Many a student
3. Electricity like other forms of , has greatly increased in price .
A. pressure B. strength C. force D. energy
4. She is young for the job ,but on the other she is well trained .
A. way B. situation C. chance D. hand
5. splendid design it is !
A. How a B. How C. What a D. What
6. Beyond stars , astronaut saw nothing but space .
A. the …x B. x…the C. x…x D. the …the
7. He was once thrown into prison for nothing.
A. a B. an C. the D. x
8. Henry was made captain of the team.
A. x B. the C. a D. an
9. When winter comes ,the of most trees begin to fall .
A. leafs B. leafes C. leave D. leaves
10. There are on the plate .
A. some tomatos B. some beefs and porks C. some tomatoes D. some potatos
11. She had failed once. Then she tried time .
A. two B. the second C. a second D. once
12. There are five in our factory.
A. woman doctors B. women doctors C. woman doctor D. women doctor
13. Miss smith is a friend of .
A. Mary’s mother’s B. Mary’s mother C. Mary mother’s D. mothers of Mary
14. Yesterday he told us news .
A. a good B. such a good C. an D. a piece of good
15. Help yourself to some , please .
A. fish B. fishes C. fishs D. fish meat
16. He has drunk four of beer .
A. grasses B. glasses C. glass D. glassful
17. They went to the teacher for on how to do work .
A. some advices B. an advice C. advice D. more advices
18. Chairs and desks are made of .
A. wood B. some wood C. wooden D. the woods
19. My mother bought me trousers .
A. another B. a piece of C. a suit of D. a pair of
ner yesterday evening.
A. hen B. cock C. chick D. chicken
27. Food and are daily necessities for the people.
A. cloth B. clothe C. clothes D. clothing
28. The army led the soldiers into battle .
A, official B. officer C. director D. fighter
29. Carelessness is the of Tom’s failure.
A. reason B. cause C. because D. excuse
30. Mary found it difficult to make living in those days .
A. a B. him C. the D. one
31. Students sometimes support themselves by of evening Jobs .
A. ways B. offers C. means D. helps
32. We mustn’t lose even when the rain washes away all the plants.
A. heart B. hearts C. the hearts D. our hearts
33. A new is being carried out now .
A. Five–year plan B. Five–years–plan C. Five-year’s plan D. Five-years’ plan
34. There is “ n ”in the word “mend ”.
A. a B. an C. the D. 不填
35. Africa and Asia are separated by Suez Canal .
A. a B. an C. the D. one
36. advice you give me proved to be valuable.
A. No matter what B. An C. The D. This
37. My parents often say to me, “Be honest boy today and useful man tomorrow !”
A. a……a B. an……an C. an……a D. a……an
38. The conductor caught a thief by hand.
A. his B. his own C. the D. one
39. He did it in .
A. so a short time B. a so short time C. so short a time D. time so short
40. Li Hong’s mother bought her a new .
A. suit B. clothes C. clothing D. dresses
41. You seem to have caught cold. You’d better go to hospital.
A. 不填 B. the C. a D. an
42. Mississippi is one of longest rivers in the world.
A. 不填……不填 B. The……the C.不填……the D. The……不填
43. We have worked out the plan and now we must put it into .
A. fact B. reality C. practice D. deed
44. Peter was very angry, and he gave his son a good .
A. teaching B. beating C. chance D. learning
45. None of them could tell the between those two words.
A. difference B. difficulty C. part D. different
46. How did the birds find their way on the long .
A. trip B. travel C. visit D. journey
47. Tom tied the horse to the tree with a .
A. line B. string C. rope D. thread
48. The bat left the birds and went over to the beasts.
A. in hurry B. hurry up C. in a hurry D. in so hurry
49. I don’t have any but to do as you tell me .
A. way B. choice C. chance D. means
50. My of hearing is not so good as it used to be.
A. strength B. sens